@article{Vermunt_2016, title={Multilevel Latent Variable Modeling: An Application in Education Testing}, volume={37}, url={https://ajs.or.at/index.php/ajs/article/view/vol37%2C%20no3%264%20-%206}, DOI={10.17713/ajs.v37i3&4.309}, abstractNote={A framework for multilevel latent variable modeling is presented that includes many existing models as special cases. It is shown that parameters can be estimated by maximum likelihood using a special variant of the EM algorithm. An application is presented from the field of school effectiveness research. This application uses a novel multilevel mixture item response model which clusters schools based on the students’ latent abilities and the item difficulties.}, number={3&4}, journal={Austrian Journal of Statistics}, author={Vermunt, Jeroen K.}, year={2016}, month={Apr.}, pages={285–299} }